Posted: March 28th, 2023
Services and Settlements – Rural/Urban Settlements and Urbanization
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clustered rural settlements
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an agricultural-based community in which several families live near each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings
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circular clustered rural settlement
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consists of a central open space surrounded by structures
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Maasai people
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sub-Saharan Africa, pastoral nomads who build circular settlements called kraal, livestock in the center and houses surround
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kraal
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circular settlements built by the Maasai people
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linear clustered rural settlement
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comprise buildings clustered along a road, river, or dike to facilitate communications
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old clustered rural settlement pattern
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central common surrounded by the church, school, and various houses
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dispersed rural settlement
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characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements
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enclosure movement
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in the UK between 1750 and 1850 - resulted in the consolidation of individually owned strips of land surrounding villages into large farms owned by single individuals
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4 urban hearths
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Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Indus River Valley
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early consumer services
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places to bury the dead, places for ceremonies and dwellings
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early business services
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places to store food and trade, officials set fair prices, kept record, and created currency
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1st settlements
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2500 BCE, trading center that provided govt, military protection, and other services - organized into city-states - places for families and manufacturing centers
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Rome
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empire’s center for administration, commerce, culture, and all other services - the world’s most populous city 2,000 years ago and may have been the first city to reach a half million inhabitants
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feudal lords
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gave residents charters of rights with which to establish independent cities in exchange for their military service
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churches
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the tallest and most elaborate structures
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urbanization
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the process by which the population of urban settlements grows
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2 dimensions of urbanization
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increase in % and number of people living in urban settlements
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Louis Wirth
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argued during the 1930s that an urban dweller follows a different way of life than does a rural dweller
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3 characteristics of a city
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large size, high population density, socially heterogeneous people
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percent urban of developed country
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79%
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percent urban of developing country
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50%
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megacity
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an urban settlement with a total population in excess of 10 million people (Osaka, Moscow, Los Angeles, Paris, London, and Nagoya in developed countries)
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metacity
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has more than 20 million people (Tokyo, Seoul, and New York in developed countries)
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London
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1st city to exceed 5 million, around 1900
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New York City
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1st city to exceed 10 million, around 1940
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Tokyo
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current world's largest city
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Jakarta, Indonesia
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may become the world's largest city by 2030
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