Posted: February 26th, 2023

Business Finance

Please see attached

<h

2

>Tab

1

Lumpsum Analysis

-Mar-22

.
Step 2: Assume the company operates for

months of the year convert the information you populated in Columns C to H to annual information and populate Columns I to M for both the Standard and Deluxe Boxes.
Step 3: Assume for this project that the only variable costs in this company are materials and labour. All other overhead costs will be assumed to be fixed.

Profit Maximization ( obtain Column C to H from Project 2)

(price x volume)

Cost (Fixed + Variable)

.00

$ 10.00

0.00

$ 50.00

0

.80

$ 10.00

$ 10.00

6

0

.20

$ 10.00

$ 10.00

5.20

$ 10.00
$ 65.00
$ 10.00

7

$ 10.00
$ 70.00
$ 10.00

$ 10.00
$ 75.00
$ 10.00

$ 65.00

8

.60

$ 10.00
$ 80.00
$ 10.00

$ 10.00
$ 85.00
$ 10.00

9

.80

$ 10.00
$ 90.00
$ 10.00

$ 10.00
$ 95.00
$ 10.00

10

$ 10.00
$ 100.00
$ 10.00

$ 70.00

$ 10.00
$ 105.00
$ 10.00

$ 69.80

11

$ 10.00
$ 110.00
$ 10.00

$ 69.20

$ 10.00
$ 115.00
$ 10.00

$ 68.20

12

$ 10.00
$ 120.00
$ 10.00

$ 66.80

.00

$ 10.00
$ 125.00
$ 10.00

$ 65.00

13

$ 10.00
$ 130.00
$ 10.00

$ 62.80

$ 10.00
$ 135.00
$ 10.00

$ 60.20

14

$ 10.00
$ 140.00
$ 10.00
$ 150.00
$ 57.20

Profit Maximization ( Columns C to H obtain from Project 2)

Annual information ( for 12 Months)

Price
Revenue (price x volume)

Variable Cost (cost per unit x volume)
Fixed cost per month (millions)
Total Cost (Fixed + Variable)
Monthly Profit (revenue – all costs)
Annual Revenue (millions)
Annual VC (millions)
Annual FC (millions)
Annual Total Costs (millions)

1

$ 30.00
$ 20.00
$ 20.00

.00

1.2

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

1.5

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

1.6

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

2

$ 20.00

$ 23.00

$ 20.00

$ 20.00

$ 22.00

$ 20.00

$ 47.30
$ 20.00

$ 47.25
$ 20.00

and 1.5 Million Deluxe Boxes per month.
The CEO is convinced that under the current cost allocation which allocates fixed costs on a lump sum method (arbitrarily using a monthly allocation basis) , Deluxe boxes is not contributing much to company profit and with recent threats from environmental groups thinks that LGI should consider to no longer produce Deluxe Boxes.
Required (place answers in the in the Grey Spaces provided)
1) Calculate how much operating profit each product makes?
2) Calculate the Operating Profit percentage (based on sales)for each product.
HINT Use the annual information calculated in

to complete Question 2

Standard Boxes
Deluxe Boxes
Total

9
1.5
10.5

18

$ (in millions)
$ (in millions)

Revenue

Margin

(based on revenue)

																													14
In Project 3 you will analyse managerial and costing information to improve the company’s EBITDA. You will use what you have learned about cost behavior and apply activity-based costing and cost-volume-profit analysis to make recommendations about LGI’s operational productivity. Step 1: Use the information you calculated in Project 2 Tab 3 Profit Maximization to populate has Columns C to H in			Question 1	12
		Standard Boxes		Annual information ( for 12 Months)
Standard boxes sold per month (millions)		Price						Revenue	Variable Cost per Standard box		Variable Cost (cost per unit x volume)		Fixed cost per month (millions)						Total		Monthly Profit (revenue – all costs)		Annual Revenue (millions)		Annual VC (millions)		Annual FC (millions)		Annual Total Costs (millions)	Annual Profit
5		$ 22.00	$ 1	10																																						$ 10.00		$ 50.00	$	6
5.5	$ 2	1.6	$	11	8	$ 55.00				$ 65.00	$ 53.80
$ 2	1.2	$ 12	7	$ 60.00			$ 70.00		$ 57.20
6.5	$ 20.80	$	13		$ 75.00		$ 60.20
$ 20.40	$ 142.80		$ 80.00		$ 62.80
7.5																					$ 20.00		$ 150.00		$ 85.00
$ 1			9	$ 156.80		$ 90.00		$ 66.80
8.5	$ 19.20	$ 163.20		$ 95.00		$ 68.20
$			18	$ 169.20		$ 100.00		$ 69.20
9.5	$ 18.40	$ 174.80		$ 105.00		$ 69.80
$	18.00	$ 180.00		$ 110.00
		10.5	$ 17.60	$ 184.80		$ 115.00
$ 17.20	$ 189.20		$ 120.00
1			1.5	$ 16.80	$ 193.20		$ 125.00
$ 16.40	$ 196.80		$ 130.00
12.5	$ 16.00	$	200		$ 135.00
$ 15.60	$ 202.80		$ 140.00
13.5	$ 15.20	$ 205.20	$ 145.00
$ 14.80	$ 207.20
			Deluxe Boxes
Deluxe boxes sold per month (millions)	Variable Cost per Deluxe box	Annual Profit (millions)
	$ 30.00	$ 3.00		$	23	$ 7.00
$ 29.50	$ 35.40
1.35	$ 29.00	$ 39.15
$ 28.50	$ 42.75
1.55	$ 28.00	$ 43.40
$ 27.50	$ 44.00
1.65	$ 27.00	$ 44.55
1.7	$ 26.50	$ 45.05
1.75	$ 26.00	$ 45.50
1.8	$ 25.50	$ 45.90
1.85	$ 25.00	$ 46.25
1.9	$ 24.50	$ 46.55
1.95	$ 24.00	$ 46.80
$ 23.50	$ 47.00
2.05	$ 47.15
2.1	$ 22.50		$ 47.25
2.15		$ 47.30
2.2	$ 21.50
2.25	$ 21.00
	Question 2
The Company currently operates by selling 9 Million	Standard Boxes	Question 1
Number of Boxes per month (in Millions)
Number of Boxes per year (millions)			108		126
		$ (in millions)
		Subtract:	Variable Costs
	Equals: Contribution
			Subtract: Fixed Costs
		Equals: Operating Profit
Operating Profit		%

Tab 2 Sales Volume Analysis

Question 1

Standard Boxes
Deluxe Boxes
Total

9
1.5
10.5

108
18
126

Equals: Operating Profit

(based on Revenue)

A new intern thinks that the profit for Deluxe Boxes are higher than those calculated using the lump sum method (as in Tab1). The intern suggests calculating the profits using an allocation method for fixed costs based on sales volume( the number of boxes sold) to split the Fixed Costs between the Standard and Deluxe Boxes. Required: (Complete the grey spaces): 1) First calculate the percenatge portion each product has of the total sales voume 1) How much fixed costs are allocated to each product based on the sales volume method suggested by the intern? 2) Also calculate the new operating profit percentage (based on sales) for each product.
Volumes (per Month)
Volumes per year (Millions)
Calculate the portion of Sales Volume (percentage sales volume)
Calculate how much fixed costs are allocated to each product.
New Profit Calculation	Standard Boxes ($Millions)	Deluxe Boxes ($Millions)	Total Boxes($ Millions)
Revenue
Subtract Variable Costs
		Equals: Contribution Margin
Subtract Fixed Costs
	Operating Profit %

Tab 3 ABC Costing

Question 1

below. How much overhead would be allocated to Standard and Deluxe Boxes ( in total and per unit) using this method? Show all supporting calculations. Complete the grey spaces

Table 1

1,000

Labour Hours
1,000
9,000

200

1,000
9,000

108
18

Question 1

Standard Boxes
Deluxe Boxes
Total

Revenue

Equals: Contribution

Subtract: Fixed Costs

Equals: Operating Profit

LGI’s production managers think that the profit on Deluxe Boxes are much lower than the Intern suggested after recently attending a course at UMGC where they learned about ABC costing. They propose allocating the total fixed costs between Standard and Deluxe boxes based on the ABC method . They collected information about the cost drivers and the break up of the total fixed costs in	Table 1
Manufacturing overhead	$ Amount (millions)	Cost driver	Standard Box	Deluxe Box	Totals of Drivers	Portion of Fixed Cost for	Standard Boxes	Portion of Fixed Cost of Deluxe Boxes	Total Cost Check (must agree to Column B7:B14)
Depreciation	$47.00	Square feet	7,000	80,000
Maintenance	$50.00	Direct	Labour Hours				1,000			9,000
Purchase order processing	$9	Number of purchases orders	500	4,500
Inspection	$34	Number of employees	6000
Indirect Materials	$5.00
Supervision	$7.00	#of inspections	800
Supplies	$4.00	Units manufactured
Total Allocated costs	$156.00
Number of boxes per year
Allocated Cost per Box
Subtract: Variable Costs
Operating Profit % (based on Revenue)

Tab 4 CVP

Question 1

could be made cheaper, and the sustainability manager believes that the company could sell the Sustaianable Deluxe Boxes for $23 per box and end up making substantially higher profit than they ever did on the Deluxe Boxes. Based on knowledge of price elasticity of demand s/he/they suggest that it may in time even result in much higher sales volumes. The marketing manager believes that a lower selling price will also entice current Deluxe Box customers to accept the switch over to the Sustainable Deluxe Box.
2) The new Sustainable Deluxe Boxes will still attract 60% of the fixed costs allocated to the old Deluxe Box under the ABC method used in tab 3.
3) The number of boxes sold will not currently be affected by this new selling price, as this is a very select group of customers for LGI.
4) The Standard Box costs and revenue will remain the same as that calculated under the ABC method
5) Because of the cheaper materials the variable costs for the Sustainable Deluxe Boxes will be reduce to $11 per box vice $20 per box previously.
Required (complete the grey spaces)
1) Determine the profit and profit percentage for the Standard and Sustainable Deluxe Boxes

Standard Boxes
Sustainable Deluxe Boxes
Total

18.00

per unit

23

Revenue

Subtract: Variable Costs

Equals: Contribution Margin

Subtract: Fixed Costs

Question 2

%

%

Variable Costs

Revenue

Subtract: Variable Costs

Equals: Contribution Margin

Subtract: Fixed Costs

Operating Profit
Operating Profit %
Selling price

Total $

The sustainability manager is concerned about the long term sustainability implications of Deluxe Boxes on the environment and suggests changing to sustainable materials for the production of a Sustainable Deluxe Box. If the company switches the current quantity of Deluxe Boxes sold, to Sustainable Deluxe Boxes, there will be some cost implications. 1) The	Sustainable Deluxe Boxes
Quantity	108.00	126.00
	Selling price	$ 18.80
Equals:	Operating Profit
Operating Profit % (based on revenue)
The CEO is not convinced and still thinks that no form of a Deluxe Box, sustainable or not should be produced. The CEO indicates that consideration of the production of a Sustainable Deluxe Boxes will only be considered if it can achieve at least the same operating profit percentage for the Sustainable Deluxe Boxes as the operating profit percenatge indicated under the ABC costing method for Standard Boxes (See Tab 3) . Required (Complete the grey spaces). 1) How much additional operating profit (in percentage) will be required from the Sustainable Deluxe Boxes to meet the same percentage as the Standard Boxes are generating, given the percentage that can currently be achieved on Sustainable Deluxe Boxes
Required profit	See Question 1
Subtract: Existing profit	See Q 1 above
Equals: Difference in additional profit required
Question 3
Required: Work out the percentage that the company should mark up on the costs of Sustainable Deluxe Boxes to achieve the same profit % as for the Standard boxes. (Complete the grey spaces)
Revenue %	100.00%
Subtract: Required Operating Profit
Equals: Cost %
Question 4
Assume the company can still sell the same quantity of the Sustainable Deluxe Boxes as for the Deluxe Boxes Required (Complete the grey spaces) Use the percentage calculated in Question 3 to determine at which price the company should sell the Sustainable Deluxe Boxes to reach the same profit percentage as for the Standard Boxes.
Totals $
Plus : Fixed Costs
Equals: Total Costs
Determine Revenue
Units sold (per year)
Selling Price(Revenue) per unit
Question 5
Required: Prove that your calculation in Q 4 is correct. Complete the grey boxes.
Proof:		Total $
Question 6
The marketing manger is concerned that the change could have a significant impact on sales as customers may see the sustainable boxes as an inferior product for which they still have to pay only a little bit less than the original price of the Deluxe Boxes. How many boxes would the company have to sell to break even on the new Sustainable Deluxe Boxes based on the new selling price? Complete the grey boxes.
$ Per unit Sustainable Deluxe Boxes
Subtract: Variable costs
Equals: Unit Contribution Margin
Fixed Costs (in total for Sustainable Deluxe Boxes)
Breakeven Quantity
Break-even Value

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