Posted: March 28th, 2023
Part 3 of W.GEO Midterm Study Guide
question
What civilizations were well established by 16th century european contact?
answer
mesoamerican / south american civilizations
question
Where did native americans build spectacular cities, complex systems of political organization, and rich cultures?
answer
in central Mexico, on the Yucatan Peninsula, and along the west coast of South America
question
Where was the Mayan civilization located?
answer
yucatan peninsula, belize, guatemala
question
Guatemala - used to be mayan - converted to catholic church by europeans? TRUE OR FALSE
answer
TRUE
question
What was Mayan social stratification based on?
answer
Rituals
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Describe Mayan social stratification?
answer
king → middle class → commoners
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What is a divine king?
answer
mortal and supernatural connection
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Maya had hierarchically organized city-states led by
answer
royals and SUPPORTED by early forms of organized agriculture
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The Mayans were also extraordinary astronomers who
answer
developed two interlocking calendar cycles and kept detailed records of the planet Venus.
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What type of religion did the Mayans have?
answer
polytheistic
question
5 Factors for Mayan Polytheistic religion?
answer
large pyramids, human sacrifices, calendar based on astronomy, ONLY pre-columbian empire with hieroglyphic script, art using various stones / minerals
question
Mayans are AGRICULTURAL based. TRUE OR FALSE
answer
TRUE "Linked by vast trade networks"
question
Who arrived on the central Mexican plateau around 1200 CE?
answer
The Aztecs civilization
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Aztecs had a strict or simple/free social hierarchy?
answer
STRICT
question
Describe Aztec social hierarchy.
answer
Lords → nobles → military leaders → high-level priests → commoners → slaves
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Aztecs were originally...
answer
NOMADS
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Where did Aztecs settle?
answer
They established a city on Lake Texcoco that was later known as Tenochtitlàn
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How did the Aztecs increase their power?
answer
Through formation of the Triple Alliance with neighboring city-states Texcoco and Tlacopan in 1428
question
Who controlled the conquest of neighboring regions and maintained the flow of tributes to the Emperor at the capital in the Aztecs?
answer
A military nobility
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Who managed the day-to-day affairs of the state?
answer
Priests and other government officials
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Who were extremely good at math?
answer
The Aztecs
question
Astronomy was integral to Aztec culture, and it influenced a large portion of how they lived. TRUE OR FALSE
answer
TRUE
question
Who rose to prominence only about 100 years before Spanish conquest?
answer
The inca
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Who controlled the majority of the peoples living on or near the Andes mountain chain?
answer
The Inca
question
The Inca “Land of the Four Quarters” included...
answer
80 provinces and 16 million people
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The Incas terraced along the Andes mountains. TRUE OR FALSE
answer
TRUE
question
What math tool did the Inca use?
answer
The yupana
question
Why was astronomy was a very important force in Inca life?
answer
The stars were a guiding force for the Inca people, from making agricultural decisions to predicting the weather.
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